quarta-feira, abril 23, 2003
O Milagre Irlandês e os Subsidios Comunitários
Um artigo do Cato Institute revela que o crescimento verificado na Irlanda na ultima década se deveu ao ambiente de livre concorrência, desregulamentação e impostos baixos. Os fundo comunitários não tiveram qualquer papel relevante. Pelo contrário, podem ter impedido que o crescimento tivesse sido maior (por exemplo ao desicentivar as deslocação de pessoas da actividade agricola para a industria ou serviços).
"After a stagnant 13-year period with less than 2 percent growth, Ireland took a more radical course of slashing expenditures, abolishing agencies and toppling tax rates and regulations. At the same time, the government made credible commitments not to engage in deficit spending or inflate the currency.
Ireland's long history of free and open trade has also played a role in its recovery. However, only since freeing other aspects of its economy by lowering taxes, decreasing regulation, maintaining low inflation, and providing a stable fiscal environment has Ireland been able to grow rapidly enough to surpass greater Europe's standard of living"
Sobre os fundos comunitários:
"Agricultural subsidies are one component of EU transfers and are an example of how well-meaning transfers can get in the way of economic development. The subsidies boost rural incomes, but they retard economic adjustment by keeping rural populations artificially high. Some of these workers could produce more valuable products by moving to the cities. As long as people are subsidized to stay in particular professions, Ireland will not fully exploit its comparative advantage in the international division of labor. This depresses incomes and slows growth.
The presence of EU funds retards growth in another way as well. Although the total supply of entrepreneurs varies among societies, the productive contribution of the society's entrepreneurial activities varies much more because of their allocation between productive activities, such as innovation, and unproductive activities, such as lobbying for government subsidies or privileges. The presence of EU funds creates a pot of gold for Irish entrepreneurs to seek. This will cause some entrepreneurs, who were previously engaging in productive and innovative activity, to lobby for subsides instead. This lobbying wastes both physical and human resources that could have been used to satisfy consumer demands and increase economic growth"
Segundo o artigo as taxas de crescimento mostram uma correlação negativa com o montante de fundos comunitários recebidos.
"Ireland began receiving subsidies after joining the European community in 1973. Net receipts from the EU averaged 3 percent of GDP during the period of rapid growth (1995-2000), but during the low growth period (1973-1986) they averaged 4 percent of GDP.
In absolute terms, net receipts were at about the same level in 2001 as they were in 1985. Throughout the 1990s Ireland's payments to the EU budget steadily increased from 359 million Euro in 1990, to 1,527 million Euro in 2000. Yet, in 2000, the receipts in from the EU were 2,488 million Euro, less than the 1991 level of 2,798 million Euro.
Ireland's growth rates have increased while net funds from the EU remained relatively constant and have shrunk in proportion to the size of Ireland's economy".
Em conclusão, a "receita" para o crescimento irlandês foi:
"A policy environment that promotes economic freedom, enabling private entrepreneurs to promote economic development (...)"
posted by Miguel Noronha 6:35 da tarde
Comments:
Enviar um comentário
