terça-feira, junho 17, 2003
Globalização, Pobreza e Desigualdade
Um estudo de Surjit Bhalla’s do Oxus Research de New Delhi argumenta que as estatistica do Banco Mundial sobre a pobreza sofrem de graves deficîências que levam a conclusões erradas. Os seus números provaram um panorama bem diferente:
Pobreza:
"He shows that the target of halving developing country poverty from 1.1 billion to 650 million people by 2015 (used by James Wolfensohn to urge industrial countries to increase their aid efforts at Monterrey in March 2002), was already achieved in the year 2000."
"(...)The resulting poverty count shows poverty numbers, though not percentages, rising from 1959 to 1980 as population growth exceeded poverty reduction, but then falling sharply to 2000.
Reduction in poverty began in East Asia in the 1960s with the Asian Tigers liberalising and opening their economies to the world. The numbers of poor people increased, but the proportion of the population living in poverty fell. Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia followed in the 1970s and China from the 1980s. South Asia—mainly India—also liberalised, accelerating its pace of reform from the 1980s. Progress has been limited in Latin America. Poverty numbers have increased slightly in the Middle East (though the percentage of people living in poverty has fallen). In Sub-Saharan Africa the numbers in poverty have trebled and the percentage living in poverty has scarcely fallen. The AIDS epidemic contributes to high poverty levels."
"Bhalla’s conclusions are strongly supported by the unequivocal rise of life expectancy (except in Sub-Saharan Africa) that indicates improving nutrition, housing, education and health"
Desigualdade:
Bhalla, with his greatly improved database, argues that since the 1980s, increasing equality of income distribution has become very marked, again as a result of progress in Asia. He concludes: ‘Not only has inequality not increased. It has actually fallen, and by the end of 2000 was at its lowest level in 50 years. Moreover, by the end of this decade, the level of inequality is likely to be equal to that prevailing 100 years ago
Globalização:
"Bhalla ascribes the remarkable decline in global poverty to economic growth following liberal, outward oriented policies and the subsequent increase in trade, capital flows and more productive employment—that is, globalisation. He concludes: ‘There is no welfare indicator for which the world economy has not done better in the past 20 years. And poor people do better, much better than the average with globalisation . . . No matter what statistic is used, the revealed truth is that we have just witnessed the 20 best years in the history of poor people’"
posted by Miguel Noronha 6:05 da tarde
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